Pain modulation: Certain electrical modalities, such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), work by stimulating the nerves to reduce the transmission of pain signals to the brain. This can help alleviate both acute and chronic pain.

Muscle stimulation: Electrical stimulation can be used to directly activate muscles, which is beneficial in cases of muscle weakness, paralysis, or muscle re-education following injury or surgery. This helps to maintain or improve muscle strength and function.

Tissue healing: Some electrotherapy modalities, such as ultrasound or pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF), are believed to promote tissue healing by increasing blood flow, promoting cellular repair, and reducing inflammation in injured tissues.

Edema reduction: Electrical modalities like electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) or neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can help reduce swelling (edema) by promoting fluid movement and drainage from the affected area.

Enhancement of circulation: Certain electrical modalities, such as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or high-voltage pulsed current (HVPC), may improve local blood circulation, which can facilitate the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to injured tissues and remove metabolic waste products.